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1. State your topic or research question in your own words.
2. Identify the most important keywords (usually the nouns) or short, commonly used phrases.
3. Think of variations (singular, plural) and synonyms for your terms.
4. Create an initial search statement using connectors or logical operators (especially AND, OR) and, if appropriate, wildcards.
5. Try it out in one or more databases and/or Library Catalog.
6. Look for other good keywords and subject terms in search results.
7. Try revised searches until you're satisfied with the results.
8. Depending on the volume of results, consider narrowing or broadening your topic.
9. If you're having difficulties, contact us.

Find more (broaden your results) with OR and wildcards:

ethic* or standard*

Find less (narrow your results) with AND:

newspaper* and style

Find less with NOT:
composition not writing

Find less by selecting limiters (peer-reviewed, date, etc.).

Some databases require quotation marks for an "exact phrase".

If you're not finding enough, try simplifying your search, and remove less critical keywords or concepts.

Our Information Literacy Librarian is here to assist you with assignments, projects and research. To arrange a consultation with one of our team, please email mkabir@effatuniversity.edu.sa

The APA Referencing Style